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1.
Lancet ; 399(10336): 1718-1729, 2022 04 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1882652

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab prolongs progression-free and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma and recurrence-free survival in resected stage III disease. KEYNOTE-716 assessed pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected, high-risk, stage II melanoma. We report results from the planned first and second interim analyses for recurrence-free survival. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, involving 160 academic medical centres and hospitals in 16 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA), patients aged 12 years or older with newly diagnosed, completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (TNM stage T3b or T4 with a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy) were recruited. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1), in blocks of four and stratified by T-category (3b, 4a, and 4b) and paediatric status (age 12-17 years vs ≥18 years), using an interactive response technology system to intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg (2 mg/kg in paediatric patients) or placebo every 3 weeks for 17 cycles or until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity. All patients, clinical investigators, and analysts were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed recurrence-free survival (defined as time from randomisation to recurrence or death) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (ie, all patients randomly assigned to treatment). The primary endpoint was met if recurrence-free survival was significantly improved for pembrolizumab versus placebo at either the first interim analysis (after approximately 128 patients had events) or second interim analysis (after 179 patients had events) under multiplicity control. Safety was assessed in all patients randomly assigned to treatment who received at least one dose of study treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03553836, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between Sept 23, 2018, and Nov 4, 2020, 1182 patients were screened, of whom 976 were randomly assigned to pembrolizumab (n=487) or placebo (n=489; ITT population). The median age was 61 years (IQR 52-69) and 387 (40%) patients were female and 589 (60%) were male. 874 (90%) of 976 patients were White and 799 (82%) were not Hispanic or Latino. 483 (99%) of 487 patients in the pembrolizumab group and 486 (99%) of 489 in the placebo group received assigned treatment. At the first interim analysis (data cutoff on Dec 4, 2020; median follow-up of 14·4 months [IQR 10·2-18·7] in the pembrolizumab group and 14·3 months [10·1-18·7] in the placebo group), 54 (11%) of 487 patients in the pembrolizumab group and 82 (17%) of 489 in the placebo group had a first recurrence of disease or died (hazard ratio [HR] 0·65 [95% CI 0·46-0·92]; p=0·0066). At the second interim analysis (data cutoff on June 21, 2021; median follow-up of 20·9 months [16·7-25·3] in the pembrolizumab group and 20·9 months [16·6-25·3] in the placebo group), 72 (15%) patients in the pembrolizumab group and 115 (24%) in the placebo group had a first recurrence or died (HR 0·61 [95% CI 0·45-0·82]). Median recurrence-free survival was not reached in either group at either assessment timepoint. At the first interim analysis, grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 78 (16%) of 483 patients in the pembrolizumab groups versus 21 (4%) of 486 in the placebo group. At the first interim analysis, four patients died from an adverse event, all in the placebo group (one each due to pneumonia, COVID-19-related pneumonia, suicide, and recurrent cancer), and at the second interim analysis, one additional patient, who was in the pembrolizumab group, died from an adverse event (COVID-19-related pneumonia). No deaths due to study treatment occurred. INTERPRETATION: Pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy for up to approximately 1 year for stage IIB or IIC melanoma resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of disease recurrence or death versus placebo, with a manageable safety profile. FUNDING: Merck Sharp & Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Melanoma , Testicular Neoplasms , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Child , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Melanoma/drug therapy , Melanoma/surgery , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
2.
Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC ; 1(8):A179-A179, 2021.
Article in French | PMC | ID: covidwho-1531249
3.
Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC ; 1(8, Supplement 1):A340-A341, 2021.
Article in French | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1520949

ABSTRACT

Introduction L’intérêt de dabrafénib tramétinib (dab+tram) en adjuvant chez les patients (pts) ayant un mélanome BRAF V600E/K muté de stade III réséqué a été démontré dans l’étude COMBI-AD. Dans COMBI-AD, les effets indésirables (EI) ont conduit à l’arrêt définitif de dab+tram chez 26 % des pts, principalement en raison de la fièvre (9 %). L’objectif de COMBI-APlus (NCT03551626) est d’évaluer un nouvel algorithme de gestion de la fièvre pour réduire les grades 3/4 et ses conséquences (arrêt du traitement, hospitalisation). Matériel et méthodes COMBI-APlus est un essai ouvert de phase IIIb évaluant un algorithme de gestion de la fièvre chez des pts ayant un mélanome réséqué de stade III BRAF V600E/K-muté traités en adjuvant par dab+tram pendant 12 mois. L’algorithme prévoit l’interruption de dab+tram dès apparition d’une température≥38°C et la reprise à la même dose dès disparition des symptômes depuis 24h. En cas de suspicion de fièvre récurrente et en présence d’un syndrome fébrile (frissons, raideurs, sueurs nocturnes, symptômes grippaux sans fièvre) le traitement peut être interrompu à la discrétion de l’investigateur. Le critère d’évaluation principal est le taux composite de fièvre (grades 3/4, hospitalisation ou arrêt définitif du traitement dus à la fièvre) comparé aux données historiques de COMBI-AD (20 % ;IC95 % : 16,3 %–24,1 %). Les critères secondaires incluent la survie sans rechute (SSR) et l’innocuité. Résultats Cent soixante-seize pts ont été inclus en France sur un total de 552 pts avec un suivi médian de 18,14 mois. COMBI-APlus a atteint son critère principal d’amélioration significative du taux composite de fièvre par rapport au témoin historique COMBI-AD. Il est de 7,4 % (IC95 % : 4,0 %–12,3 %) avec des taux de 4,0 % pour les grades 3/4, de 2,8 % pour les hospitalisations et de 3,4 % pour les arrêts définitifs de traitement dus à la fièvre. Le taux de SSR estimé à 12 mois est de 90,9 % (IC95 % : 85,4 %–94,4 %). Les principaux EI≥20 % sont : fièvre (67,0 %), asthénie (48,9 %), céphalées (40,9 %), diarrhée (34,7 %), augmentation de la créatine phosphokinase sanguine (31,8 %), frissons (31,3 %), nausées (26,7 %), arthralgies (25,6 %), fatigue (22,2 %). L’ensemble des EI a conduit à l’arrêt définitif de dab+tram chez 14,2 % des pts versus 26 % dans COMBI-AD. Discussion Cette analyse suggère que ce nouvel algorithme simplifié de gestion de la fièvre est efficace pour réduire le taux composite de fièvre (grades 3/4, hospitalisation, arrêt de traitement) chez les pts recevant dab+tram en adjuvant. Les premiers résultats d’efficacité semblent correspondre à ceux observés dans COMBI-AD. Cet algorithme peut réduire le besoin d’hospitalisation ou de consultation liées à la fièvre, ce qui est souhaitable dans le contexte actuel de pandémie du COVID-19. Ainsi plus de pts peuvent rester sous traitement et en tirer un bénéfice clinique.

4.
Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC ; 1(8, Supplement 1):A170-A171, 2021.
Article in French | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1520915

ABSTRACT

Introduction L’immunothérapie fait partie des standards de traitement actuels du mélanome et des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules. Les infections bactériennes et virales entraînent une réponse immunitaire anti-infectieuse qui peut également conduire à une réponse anti-tumorale. Nous présentons 2 cas de vraisemblable réponse tumorale médiée par une réaction immunitaire dirigée contre le SARS-CoV-2. Matériel et méthodes Nous avons précédemment publié le cas d’une patiente de 84 ans suivie pour un mélanome BRAF sauvage métastatique ganglionnaire et péritonéal. Un traitement par dabrafénib+tramétinib était administré de juillet à septembre 2020 et interrompu pour toxicité. Compte tenu de son mauvais état général, des soins palliatifs exclusifs étaient engagés. En décembre 2020, une métastase ganglionnaire cervicale était irradiée en RCMI (20Gy en 5×4Gy). En janvier 2021, la patiente était hospitalisée pour une pneumopathie à SARS-CoV-2. Le scanner révélait une régression spontanée de 20 à 25% de la taille de l’ensemble des lésions secondaires. Parallèlement, en janvier 2021, un homme de 61 ans était pris en charge pour une récidive pulmonaire d’un carcinome épidermoïde bronchique métastatique antérieurement traité par 6 cycles carboplatine–paclitaxel de novembre 2018 à avril 2019 puis par irradiation d’une première récidive pulmonaire d’avril à juin 2020. Une biopsie de la récidive était réalisée en mars 2021 qui confirmait la récidive d’un carcinome épidermoïde bronchique PD-L1 négatif. Entre février et mars 2021, le patient recevait 2 injections du vaccin ARN BNT162b2 contre le SARS-CoV-2. Le scanner d’avril 2021 révélait une diminution spontanée de la récidive pulmonaire avec une levée complète de l’atélectasie sous-jacente. Discussion Ces deux observations de réponse anti-tumorale spontanée après une réaction immunitaire dirigée contre le SARS-CoV-2 nous font émettre l’hypothèse d’une réaction immunitaire anti-tumorale croisée. L’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 entraîne une réaction immunitaire innée en stimulant le TLR et la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires. Le vaccin ARN BNT162b2 provoque également une réaction immunitaire qui fait intervenir les lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+ à orientation Th1 qui sont impliqués dans la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale. Nous pensons que la stimulation immunitaire initiée par le SARS-CoV-2 ou le vaccin dirigé contre le virus dans les 2 observations présentées a entraîné secondairement une réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale. Conclusion La réponse immunitaire anti-infectieuse induite par le SARS-CoV-2 et le vaccin ARN dirigé contre ce virus pourrait entraîner une réponse anti-tumorale croisée.

5.
Eur J Cancer ; 153: 123-132, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1275290

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Changes in the management of patients with cancer and delays in treatment delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the use of hospital resources and cancer mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient flows, patient pathways and use of hospital resources during the pandemic were simulated using a discrete event simulation model and patient-level data from a large French comprehensive cancer centre's discharge database, considering two scenarios of delays: massive return of patients from November 2020 (early-return) or March 2021 (late-return). Expected additional cancer deaths at 5 years and mortality rate were estimated using individual hazard ratios based on literature. RESULTS: The number of patients requiring hospital care during the simulation period was 13,000. In both scenarios, 6-8% of patients were estimated to present a delay of >2 months. The overall additional cancer deaths at 5 years were estimated at 88 in early-return and 145 in late-return scenario, with increased additional deaths estimated for sarcomas, gynaecological, liver, head and neck, breast cancer and acute leukaemia. This represents a relative additional cancer mortality rate at 5 years of 4.4 and 6.8% for patients expected in year 2020, 0.5 and 1.3% in 2021 and 0.5 and 0.5% in 2022 for each scenario, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic-related diagnostic and treatment delays in patients with cancer are expected to impact patient survival. In the perspective of recurrent pandemics or alternative events requiring an intensive use of limited hospital resources, patients should be informed not to postpone care, and medical resources for patients with cancer should be sanctuarised.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/therapy , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/virology , Computer Simulation , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Hospital Administration , Hospitals , Humans , Neoplasms/pathology , Pandemics , Proportional Hazards Models , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
7.
J Immunother Cancer ; 9(1)2021 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1038424

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer who are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more likely to develop severe illness and die compared with those without cancer. The impact of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) on the severity of COVID-19 illness is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ICI confers an additional risk for severe COVID-19 in patients with cancer. METHODS: We analyzed data from 110 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 while on treatment with ICI without chemotherapy in 19 hospitals in North America, Europe and Australia. The primary objective was to describe the clinical course and to identify factors associated with hospital and intensive care (ICU) admission and mortality. FINDINGS: Thirty-five (32%) patients were admitted to hospital and 18 (16%) died. All patients who died had advanced cancer, and only four were admitted to ICU. COVID-19 was the primary cause of death in 8 (7%) patients. Factors independently associated with an increased risk for hospital admission were ECOG ≥2 (OR 39.25, 95% CI 4.17 to 369.2, p=0.0013), treatment with combination ICI (OR 5.68, 95% CI 1.58 to 20.36, p=0.0273) and presence of COVID-19 symptoms (OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.57 to 17.89, p=0.0073). Seventy-six (73%) patients interrupted ICI due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, 43 (57%) of whom had resumed at data cut-off. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19-related mortality in the ICI-treated population does not appear to be higher than previously published mortality rates for patients with cancer. Inpatient mortality of patients with cancer treated with ICI was high in comparison with previously reported rates for hospitalized patients with cancer and was due to COVID-19 in almost half of the cases. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes in ICI-treated patients with COVID-19.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/virology , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/immunology , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
9.
Clin Cancer Res ; 26(16): 4201-4205, 2020 08 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-599654

ABSTRACT

The potential immune intersection between COVID-19 disease and cancer therapy raises important practical clinical questions and highlights multiple scientific gaps to be filled. Among available therapeutic approaches to be considered, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) seem to require major attention as they may act at the crossroads between cancer treatment and COVID-19 disease, due to their profound immunomodulatory activity. On the basis of available literature evidence, we suggest guidance to consider for treating physicians, and propose areas of clinical and preclinical investigation. Comprehensively, although with the necessary caution, ICI therapy seems to remain a suitable therapeutic option for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology , B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors , B7-H1 Antigen/immunology , COVID-19 , CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors , CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology , Clinical Decision-Making , Clinical Trials as Topic , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Humans , Neoplasms/immunology , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment Outcome
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